openssl的 openssl.cnf配置文件详解

#

# OpenSSL example configuration file.

# This is mostly being used for generation of certificate requests.

#

# This definition stops the following lines choking if HOME isn't

# defined.  定义当前目录变量，以及随机数的文件路径变量

HOME                    = .

RANDFILE                = $ENV::HOME/.rnd

# Extra OBJECT IDENTIFIER info:

#oid_file               = $ENV::HOME/.oid

oid_section             = new_oids

# To use this configuration file with the "-extfile" option of the

# "openssl x509" utility, name here the section containing the

# X.509v3 extensions to use:

# extensions            =

# (Alternatively, use a configuration file that has only

# X.509v3 extensions in its main [= default] section.)

[ new_oids ]

# We can add new OIDs in here for use by 'ca', 'req' and 'ts'.

# Add a simple OID like this:

# testoid1=1.2.3.4

# Or use config file substitution like this:

# testoid2=${testoid1}.5.6

# Policies used by the TSA examples.

tsa_policy1 = 1.2.3.4.1

tsa_policy2 = 1.2.3.4.5.6

tsa_policy3 = 1.2.3.4.5.7

####################################################################

[ ca ]

default_ca      = CA_default            # The default ca section

####################################################################

[ CA_default ]

dir             = /etc/pki/CA           # Where everything is kept

certs           = $dir/certs   # Where the issued certs are kept已颁发的证书路径即CA或者自签的

crl_dir         = $dir/crl         # Where the issued crl are kept 已颁发的crl存放目录

database        = $dir/index.txt        # database index file.

#unique_subject = no                    # Set to 'no' to allow creation of

                                        # several ctificates with same subject.

new_certs_dir   = $dir/newcerts         # default place for new certs.将来颁发的证书存放路径

certificate     = $dir/cacert.pem       # The CA certificate CA自己的证书文件

serial          = $dir/serial           # The current serial number提供序列号的文件路径

crlnumber       = $dir/crlnumber        # the current crl number 当前crl序列号

                                        # must be commented out to leave a V1 CRL

crl             = $dir/crl.pem          # The current CRL 当前crl文件

private_key     = $dir/private/cakey.pem# The private key 签名时需要的私钥即CA自己的私钥

RANDFILE        = $dir/private/.rand    # private random number file 提供随机数的文件

x509_extensions = usr_cert              # The extentions to add to the cert添加到证书中的扩展项

# Comment out the following two lines for the "traditional" 证书展示格式，一般不用修改，使用默认即可

# (and highly broken) format.

name_opt        = ca_default            # Subject Name options

cert_opt        = ca_default            # Certificate field options

# Extension copying option: use with caution.扩展项的使用，需要谨慎 生成证书时扩展项的扩展可复制属性copy_extensions，取值为none/copy或copyall。 如不设置则默认为none,简单使用时设置为none或者不设置，不建议设置为copyall

# copy_extensions = copy

# Extensions to add to a CRL. Note: Netscape communicator chokes on V2 CRLs

# so this is commented out by default to leave a V1 CRL.

# crlnumber must also be commented out to leave a V1 CRL.

# crl_extensions        = crl_ext

default_days    = 365                   # how long to certify for 默认的证书有效期

default_crl_days= 30                    # how long before next CRL CRL的有效期

default_md      = sha256                # use SHA-256 by default 默认摘要算法

preserve        = no                    # keep passed DN ordering Distinguished Name顺序，一般设置为no

# A few difference way of specifying how similar the request should look

# For type CA, the listed attributes must be the same, and the optional

# and supplied fields are just that :-)

policy          = policy_match  #证书匹配策略，对比的是[ policy_match ]

的设定

#证书匹配策略定义了证书请求的DN字段(field)被CA签署时和CA证书的匹配规则

# 对于CA证书请求，这些匹配规则必须要和父CA完全相同

# For the CA policy

[ policy_match ]

countryName             = match  #match表示请求中填写的Country字段信息要和CA证书中的匹配

stateOrProvinceName     = match  #match表示请求中填写的stateOrProvinceName字段信息要和CA证书中的匹配

organizationName        = match   #match表示请求中填写的organizationName字段信息要和CA证书中的匹配

organizationalUnitName  = optional # optional表示生成证书请求文件时该organizationalUnitName字段可选

commonName              = supplied # supplied 表示生成证书请求文件时该字段必须提供

emailAddress            = optional

# For the 'anything' policy

# At this point in time, you must list all acceptable 'object'

#没有被引用的策略扩展 就是被忽略的？？？（这个地方暂时没搞懂）

# types.

[ policy_anything ]

countryName             = optional

stateOrProvinceName     = optional

localityName            = optional

organizationName        = optional

organizationalUnitName  = optional

commonName              = supplied

emailAddress            = optional

####################################################################

####################################################################

[ req ]

default_bits            = 2048  #生成的证书请求文件时的密钥长度 （网上有的资料说是私钥的密钥长度，但我觉得应该是 生成的证书请求文件的密钥长度）

default_md              = sha256 #默认的证书请求签名时使用的加密算法

default_keyfile         = privkey.pem  #生成证书请求文件时默认使用的私钥存放位置如-new选项没指定-key时会自动创建私钥 -newkey选项也会自动创建私钥？？？

distinguished_name      = req_distinguished_name #可识别的字段名(常被简称为DN，引用req_distinguished_name段的设置)

attributes              = req_attributes  #证书请求的属性，引用req_attributes段的设置，可以不设置它

x509_extensions = v3_ca # The extentions to add to the self signed cert加入到自签证书中的扩展项

# Passwords for private keys if not present they will be prompted for

#输入和输出私钥文件的密码，如果该私钥文件有密码，不写该设置则会提示输入

# input_password = secret

# output_password = secret

# This sets a mask for permitted string types. There are several options.

# default: PrintableString, T61String, BMPString.

# pkix   : PrintableString, BMPString (PKIX recommendation before 2004)

# utf8only: only UTF8Strings (PKIX recommendation after 2004).

# nombstr : PrintableString, T61String (no BMPStrings or UTF8Strings).

# MASK:XXXX a literal mask value.

# WARNING: ancient versions of Netscape crash on BMPStrings or UTF8Strings.

string_mask = utf8only

# req_extensions = v3_req # The extensions to add to a certificate request

# req_distinguished_name 指定请求证书文件中的信息，可在配置文件中指定也可不在配置文件中指定。如果配置文件中没有指定，则需要在生成证书请求文件时输入，生成证书请求文件时的信息必须与CA的证书一致才可以

[ req_distinguished_name ]

countryName                     = Country Name (2 letter code)

countryName_default             = XX

countryName_min                 = 2

countryName_max                 = 2

stateOrProvinceName             = State or Province Name (full name)

#stateOrProvinceName_default    = Default Province

localityName                    = Locality Name (eg, city)

localityName_default            = Default City

0.organizationName              = Organization Name (eg, company)

0.organizationName_default      = Default Company Ltd

# we can do this but it is not needed normally :-)

#1.organizationName             = Second Organization Name (eg, company)

#1.organizationName_default     = World Wide Web Pty Ltd

organizationalUnitName          = Organizational Unit Name (eg, section)

#organizationalUnitName_default =

commonName                      = Common Name (eg, your name or your server\'s hostname)

commonName_max                  = 64

emailAddress                    = Email Address

emailAddress_max                = 64

# SET-ex3                       = SET extension number 3

[ req_attributes ]   /*某些特定软件的运行需要而设定的， */

                   /* 现在一般都不需要提供challengepassword */

                   /* 所以该段几乎用不上 */

                   /* 所以不用管这段 */

challengePassword               = A challenge password

challengePassword_min           = 4

challengePassword_max           = 20

unstructuredName                = An optional company name

[ usr_cert ]

# These extensions are added when 'ca' signs a request.

# This goes against PKIX guidelines but some CAs do it and some software

# requires this to avoid interpreting an end user certificate as a CA.

basicConstraints=CA:FALSE

# Here are some examples of the usage of nsCertType. If it is omitted

# the certificate can be used for anything *except* object signing.

# This is OK for an SSL server.

# nsCertType                    = server

# For an object signing certificate this would be used.

# nsCertType = objsign

# For normal client use this is typical

# nsCertType = client, email

# and for everything including object signing:

# nsCertType = client, email, objsign

# This is typical in keyUsage for a client certificate.这个地方是设定证书使用范围的，对应的是 通过证书查看器查看到的密钥用法信息 当证书需要用于签名时，就需要证书的密钥用法为Digital Signature，如果只是其他的就不能用于签名，当要制作用于签名的证书时，需要开放此处

keyUsage = nonRepudiation, digitalSignature, keyEncipherment

# This will be displayed in Netscape's comment listbox.

nsComment                       = "OpenSSL Generated Certificate"

# PKIX recommendations harmless if included in all certificates.

subjectKeyIdentifier=hash

authorityKeyIdentifier=keyid,issuer

# This stuff is for subjectAltName and issuerAltname.

# Import the email address.

# subjectAltName=email:copy

# An alternative to produce certificates that aren't

# deprecated according to PKIX.

# subjectAltName=email:move

# Copy subject details

# issuerAltName=issuer:copy

#nsCaRevocationUrl              = http://www.domain.dom/ca-crl.pem

#nsBaseUrl

#nsRevocationUrl

#nsRenewalUrl

#nsCaPolicyUrl

#nsSslServerName

# This is required for TSA certificates. #以下是TSA证书所需要的

# extendedKeyUsage = critical,timeStamping

[ v3_req ]

# Extensions to add to a certificate request

basicConstraints = CA:FALSE

keyUsage = nonRepudiation, digitalSignature, keyEncipherment

[ v3_ca ]

# Extensions for a typical CA

# PKIX recommendation.

subjectKeyIdentifier=hash

authorityKeyIdentifier=keyid:always,issuer

# This is what PKIX recommends but some broken software chokes on critical

# extensions.

#basicConstraints = critical,CA:true

# So we do this instead.

basicConstraints = CA:true

# Key usage: this is typical for a CA certificate. However since it will

# prevent it being used as an test self-signed certificate it is best

# left out by default.

# keyUsage = cRLSign, keyCertSign

# Some might want this also

# nsCertType = sslCA, emailCA

# Include email address in subject alt name: another PKIX recommendation

# subjectAltName=email:copy

# Copy issuer details

# issuerAltName=issuer:copy

# DER hex encoding of an extension: beware experts only!

# obj=DER:02:03

# Where 'obj' is a standard or added object

# You can even override a supported extension:

# basicConstraints= critical, DER:30:03:01:01:FF

[ crl_ext ]

# CRL extensions.

# Only issuerAltName and authorityKeyIdentifier make any sense in a CRL.

# issuerAltName=issuer:copy

authorityKeyIdentifier=keyid:always

[ proxy_cert_ext ]

# These extensions should be added when creating a proxy certificate

# This goes against PKIX guidelines but some CAs do it and some software

# requires this to avoid interpreting an end user certificate as a CA.

basicConstraints=CA:FALSE

# Here are some examples of the usage of nsCertType. If it is omitted

# the certificate can be used for anything *except* object signing.

# This is OK for an SSL server.

# nsCertType                    = server

# For an object signing certificate this would be used.

# nsCertType = objsign

# For normal client use this is typical

# nsCertType = client, email

# and for everything including object signing:

# nsCertType = client, email, objsign

# This is typical in keyUsage for a client certificate.

# keyUsage = nonRepudiation, digitalSignature, keyEncipherment

# This will be displayed in Netscape's comment listbox.

nsComment                       = "OpenSSL Generated Certificate"

# PKIX recommendations harmless if included in all certificates.

subjectKeyIdentifier=hash

authorityKeyIdentifier=keyid,issuer

# This stuff is for subjectAltName and issuerAltname.

# Import the email address.

# subjectAltName=email:copy

# An alternative to produce certificates that aren't

# deprecated according to PKIX.

# subjectAltName=email:move

# Copy subject details

# issuerAltName=issuer:copy

#nsCaRevocationUrl              = http://www.domain.dom/ca-crl.pem

#nsBaseUrl

#nsRevocationUrl

#nsRenewalUrl

#nsCaPolicyUrl

#nsSslServerName

# This really needs to be in place for it to be a proxy certificate.

proxyCertInfo=critical,language:id-ppl-anyLanguage,pathlen:3,policy:foo

####################################################################