Docker 学习笔记（八）-- Dockerfile 构建CentOS 实战测试

Docker Hub 中99%的镜像都是从这个基础镜像（Scratch）中安装和配置需要的软件和配置构建出来的！

在这里插入图片描述

创建一个自己的 CentOS

1、查看官方镜像

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2、编写自己的 DockerFile

初始化：

cd /home
mkdir dockerfile
vim dockerfile-centos

编写 dockerfile-centos：

FROM centos

MAINTAINER mianbao<843818747@qq.com>

ENV MYPATH /usr/local
WORKDIR $MYPATH

RUN yum -y install vim \
	&& yum -y install net-tools

EXPOSE 80

CMD echo $MYPATH
CMD echo "----end----"
CMD ["/bin/bash"]

3、通过这个文件构建镜像

# docker build -f dockerfile文件路径 -t 镜像名:[tag] 其中t表示target
# . 表示当前目录（输出路径）
[root@localhost dockerfile]$ docker build -f dockerfile-centos -t mycentos:1.0 .

3、报错和解决

3.1、报错一

报错一

docker警告：WARNING: IPv4 forwarding is disabled. Networking will not work._杰哥的技术杂货铺的博客-CSDN博客

报错：

—> [Warning] IPv4 forwarding is disabled. Networking will not work.

是没有开启转发, docker网桥配置完后，需要开启转发，不然容器启动后，就会没有网络，配置 /etc/sysctl.conf , 添加 net.ipv4.ip_forward=1

解决：

# 也可修改此文件：/usr/lib/sysctl.d/00-system.conf
cd /etc
# 备份
cp sysctl.conf sysctl.conf_bak20220701
# 添加配置
vim sysctl.conf
# 添加的配置
net.ipv4.ip_forward=1

# 重启 network 服务
systemctl restart network 
# 重启 docker 服务
systemctl restart docker
# 查看是否修改成功
sysctl net.ipv4.ip_forward
# 如果返回为“net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1”则表示修改成功

3.2、报错二

报错二

【已解决】Error: Failed to download metadata for repo ‘appstream‘: Cannot prepare internal mirrorlist_华仔仔coding的博客-CSDN博客

问题解决：Failed to download metadata for repo ‘appstream‘: Cannot prepare internal mirrorlist:…_看，未来的博客-CSDN博客

报错：

Error: Failed to download metadata for repo ‘appstream’: Cannot prepare internal mirrorlist: No URLs in mirrorlist

错误：无法下载 repo ‘appstream’ 的元数据：无法准备内部镜像列表：镜像列表中没有 URL

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解决：

检测是否能够 ping 通外网

ping -c3 www.baidu.com

CentOS 已于2021年底停止维护而产生的问题。如果需要更新 CentOS，需要将镜像从 mirror.centos.org 更改为 vault.centos.org

1、进入到 yum 的 repos 目录，并备份

[root@localhost dockerfile]$ cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]$ ll
总用量 16
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2523 12月 26 2020 CentOS-Base.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  998 12月 11 2018 CentOS-SCLo-scl.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  971 10月 29 2018 CentOS-SCLo-scl-rh.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2081 5月   7 22:12 docker-ce.repo

# 创建备份目录 /home/bak/etc/yum.repos.d/ 进行备份
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]$ cp -r  /etc/yum.repos.d/* /home/bak/etc/yum.repos.d/

2、修改 centos 文件内容

# 官方临时镜像地址从 mirror.centos.org 移到 https://vault.centos.org
sed -i 's/mirrorlist/#mirrorlist/g' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-*
sed -i 's|#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org|baseurl=http://vault.centos.org|g' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-*

# 测试
# sed -i 's|#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org|baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com|g' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-*

3、更新yum源为阿里镜像

# https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/【Centos 版本】
$ wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo

4、清理之前的yum缓存，建立新的缓存 ( 此步报错请看报错三 )

# 清理之前的yum缓存
yum clean all
# 建立新的缓存
yum makecache

5、更新 yum 源软件包和内核

# 更新 yum 源软件包和内核
yum upgrade –y
# 重新安装 vim
yum -y install vim

3.3、报错三

报错三

建立新的缓存 yum makecache 报错：

http:// vault.centos.org/centos/7/sclo/x86_64/rh/repodata/repomd.xml: [Errno 14] HTTPS Error 404 - Not Found

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原因：

http://vault.centos.org/centos/7/sclo/x86_64/rh/repodata/repomd.xml 这个地址 rh/ 目录下什么文件都没有。

解决：

将配置文件中的这个地址换成阿里云的镜像地址。

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ll
总用量 16
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1759 7月   4 22:22 CentOS-Base.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  998 7月   4 22:17 CentOS-SCLo-scl.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1107 7月   4 22:18 CentOS-SCLo-scl-rh.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2081 5月   7 22:12 docker-ce.repo

1、检查 CentOS-Base.repo 文件中的地址是否都是阿里云的镜像地址： http://mirrors.aliyun.com/

# CentOS-Base.repo
#
# The mirror system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the
# update status of each mirror to pick mirrors that are updated to and
# geographically close to the client.  You should use this for CentOS updates
# unless you are manually picking other mirrors.
#
# If the mirrorlist= does not work for you, as a fall back you can try the 
# remarked out baseurl= line instead.
#

[base]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Base - mirrors.aliyun.com
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
 
#released updates 
[updates]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Updates - mirrors.aliyun.com
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
 
#additional packages that may be useful
[extras]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Extras - mirrors.aliyun.com
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
 
#additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages
[centosplus]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Plus - mirrors.aliyun.com
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
 
#contrib - packages by Centos Users
[contrib]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Contrib - mirrors.aliyun.com
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/contrib/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

2、检查 CentOS-SCLo-sclo.repo 文件中是否有报错的地址

# CentOS-SCLo-sclo.repo
#
# Please see http://wiki.centos.org/SpecialInterestGroup/SCLo for more
# information

[centos-sclo-sclo]
name=CentOS-7 - SCLo sclo
baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/7/sclo/$basearch/sclo/
#mirrorlist=http://#mirrorlist.centos.org?arch=$basearch&release=7&repo=sclo-sclo
gpgcheck=1
enabled=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-SIG-SCLo

[centos-sclo-sclo-testing]
name=CentOS-7 - SCLo sclo Testing
baseurl=http://buildlogs.centos.org/centos/7/sclo/$basearch/sclo/
gpgcheck=0
enabled=0
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-SIG-SCLo

[centos-sclo-sclo-source]
name=CentOS-7 - SCLo sclo Sources
baseurl=http://vault.centos.org/centos/7/sclo/Source/sclo/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-SIG-SCLo

[centos-sclo-sclo-debuginfo]
name=CentOS-7 - SCLo sclo Debuginfo
baseurl=http://debuginfo.centos.org/centos/7/sclo/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-SIG-SCLo

3、检查 CentOS-SCLo-sclo.repo 文件中是否有报错的地址，可以看到报错的地址在这里，换成阿里云的镜像，镜像中存在repomd.xml文件即可。

# CentOS-SCLo-rh.repo
#
# Please see http://wiki.centos.org/SpecialInterestGroup/SCLo for more
# information

[centos-sclo-rh]
name=CentOS-7 - SCLo rh
# baseurl=http://vault.centos.org/centos/7/sclo/$basearch/rh/
# 上面的地址换成了下面这个地址
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7/sclo/$basearch/rh/
# mirrorlist=http://#mirrorlist.centos.org?arch=$basearch&release=7&repo=sclo-rh
gpgcheck=1
enabled=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-SIG-SCLo

[centos-sclo-rh-testing]
name=CentOS-7 - SCLo rh Testing
baseurl=http://buildlogs.centos.org/centos/7/sclo/$basearch/rh/
gpgcheck=0
enabled=0
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-SIG-SCLo

[centos-sclo-rh-source]
name=CentOS-7 - SCLo rh Sources
baseurl=http://vault.centos.org/centos/7/sclo/Source/rh/
# baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos-vault/centos/7/sclo/Source/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-SIG-SCLo

[centos-sclo-rh-debuginfo]
name=CentOS-7 - SCLo rh Debuginfo
baseurl=http://debuginfo.centos.org/centos/7/sclo/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-SIG-SCLo

最终结果：

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4、还是存在报错二

最新的 centos:latest 镜像可能存在问题，更换为 centos:centos7 的镜像。

# 下载镜像 centos:centos7
[root@localhost docker]$ docker pull centos:centos7
centos7: Pulling from library/centos
2d473b07cdd5: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:c73f515d06b0fa07bb18d8202035e739a494ce760aa73129f60f4bf2bd22b407
Status: Downloaded newer image for centos:centos7
docker.io/library/centos:centos7
[root@localhost docker]$ docker images
REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
centos        centos7   eeb6ee3f44bd   9 months ago   204MB
centos        latest    5d0da3dc9764   9 months ago   231MB

FROM 修改为使用 centos:centos7 版本

sed "s/cen.*/centos:centos7/" dockerfile-centos > dockerfile-centos-7

5、构建镜像

4、通过这个文件 dockerfile-centos-7 构建镜像

[root@localhost dockerfile]$ cat dockerfile-centos-7 
FROM centos:centos7
MAINTAINER mianbao<843818747@qq.com>
ENV MYPATH /usr/local
WORKDIR $MYPATH
RUN yum -y install vim \
	&& yum -y install net-tools
EXPOSE 80
CMD echo $MYPATH
CMD echo "----end----"
CMD ["/bin/bash"]

[root@localhost dockerfile]$ docker build -f dockerfile-centos-7 -t mycentos:1.0 .
Sending build context to Docker daemon  3.072kB
Step 1/9 : FROM centos:centos7
# 由镜像ID得知使用的是本地已经下载了 centos：centos7 镜像。如果本地没有则去下载
 ---> eeb6ee3f44bd
......
Successfully built c333a356635e
Successfully tagged mycentos:1.0
[root@localhost dockerfile]$ docker images
REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED          SIZE
mycentos      1.0       adfcc20188da   27 seconds ago   436MB
centos        centos7   eeb6ee3f44bd   9 months ago     204MB

5、运行测试

[root@localhost dockerfile]$ docker run -it mycentos:1.0 
[root@4634c75f0226 local]$ pwd
/usr/local # 工作目录。官方镜像是 / 默认是根目录
[root@4634c75f0226 local]$ vim test  # 也能使用功能 vim 了

6、列出镜像地的变更历史

# docker history 镜像ID
[root@localhost dockerfile]$ docker history c333a356635e
IMAGE          CREATED          CREATED BY                                      SIZE      COMMENT
c333a356635e   26 minutes ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop)  CMD ["/bin/bash"]            0B        
c9798bea2575   26 minutes ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop)  CMD ["/bin/sh" "-c" "echo…   0B        
64352f6b6b9b   26 minutes ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop)  CMD ["/bin/sh" "-c" "echo…   0B        
fc038771d877   26 minutes ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop)  EXPOSE 80                    0B        
b14cbe3e38b6   26 minutes ago   /bin/sh -c yum -y install vim  && yum -y ins…   232MB     
9b3a136706ee   28 minutes ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop) WORKDIR /usr/local            0B        
c93b2bd0fb22   28 minutes ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop)  ENV MYPATH=/usr/local        0B        
30a71766f1f1   28 minutes ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop)  MAINTAINER mianbao<843818…   0B        
eeb6ee3f44bd   9 months ago     /bin/sh -c #(nop)  CMD ["/bin/bash"]            0B        
<missing>      9 months ago     /bin/sh -c #(nop)  LABEL org.label-schema.sc…   0B        
<missing>      9 months ago     /bin/sh -c #(nop) ADD file:b3ebbe8bd304723d4…   204MB