Matlab下地形图绘图包m_map绘图包绘制高分辨率海岸线、国界线与河流

1. 前言

之前说了m_map的下载、安装与基本使用（Matlab下地形图绘图包m_map安装与使用），以及晕渲地形图的绘制（m_map绘制晕渲（shaded relief）地形图），现在再说一下高分辨率海岸线、国界线与河流的绘制。

2. 安装

高分辨率地形和海岸线数据的安装已经在Matlab下地形图绘图包m_map安装与使用中说的比较详细了，这里不再赘述。

3. 参数设置

可以打开m_gshhs函数查看具体设置。

>> help m_gshhs
  m_gshhs Add a coastline to a given map using 
            the Global Self-consistant Hierarchical High-resolution 
            Shorelines, Rivers, and Borders
 
          m_gshhs(RES, (standard line option,...,...) ) draws the coastline
          river network, or borders as  simple lines.
 
          m_gshhs(RES,'patch' ( ,standard patch options,...,...) ) draws the 
          coastline as a number of patches (rivers and borders are not
          arranged so patches can be drawn).
 
          m_gshhs(RES,'save',FILENAME) saves the extracted coastline data
          for the current projection in a file FILENAME. This allows 
          speedier replotting using M_USERCOAST(FILENAME). 
     
          RES: A one-char string (optionally 2 or 3)
          
          First char: resolution - one of
                       'c'  crude
                       'l'  low
                       'i'  intermediate
                       'h'  high
                       'f'  full
 
          Second char: type - one of
                       'c' GSHHS coastline (default)
                       'b' WDB Border
                       'r' WDB River
   
          Third char - if 2nd char is 'b':
                       '1' Country borders
                       '2' State/Province and Country borders
                     - if 2nd char is 'r': '1','2','3','4' 
                       add successively more tributaries
 
          (also maintained is this optional format:
 
          RES - selections resolution
                   1  or 'crude'	
                   2  or 'low'  	
                   3  or 'intermediate'  
                   4  or 'high' 	
                   5  or 'full  	
 
          but please don't use this).
 
          See also m_proj, m_grid, m_coast, m_gshhs_l, m_gshhs_h, m_gshhs_c 
          m_usercoast

这里简要说一下用法。

c、b、r分别表示海岸线，国界线与河流
c、l、i、h、f 分别表示粗糙/低/中/高/满分辨率
具体使用时，c/b/r与 c/l/i/h/f 二者组合使用。

m_gshhs('lc','patch','k'); % 低分辨率海岸线，陆地填充：黑色
m_gshhs('ib’,’color','k'); % 中分辨率国界线，黑色
m_gshhs('fr','color','b'); % 满分辨率河流，蓝色

4. 实例说明

下面在m_map绘制晕渲（shaded relief）地形图的基础上说一下河流与国界线的添加。

4.1 例1

在晕渲图上只添加灰色的中等分辨率的海岸线。

figname='gshhs1';
figure
m_proj('mercator','long',[96 114],'lat',[10 24]);

caxis([-4000 4000]) 
% %caxis要放在colormap之前，colormap要放在m_shadedrelief之前
colormap([m_colmap('blue',200);m_colmap('gland',200)])
hc=colorbar;
set(get(hc,'title'),'string','Elevation(m)')

m_etopo2('shadedrelief','lightangle',45);

m_gshhs('ic','color',[.5 .5 .5])

m_grid('box','fancy','tickdir','in','gridlines','no','fontsize',12)

set(gcf,'position',[100 100 800 600])
print('-dpng','-r400',[figname,'.png'])

4.2 例2

再添加中等分辨率的河流，分支参数设置为1

figname='gshhs2';
figure
m_proj('mercator','long',[96 114],'lat',[10 24]);

caxis([-4000 4000]) 
% %caxis要放在colormap之前，colormap要放在m_shadedrelief之前
colormap([m_colmap('blue',200);m_colmap('gland',200)])
hc=colorbar;
set(get(hc,'title'),'string','Elevation(m)')

m_etopo2('shadedrelief','lightangle',45);

m_gshhs('ic','color',[.5 .5 .5])
m_gshhs('ir1','color','b')

m_grid('box','fancy','tickdir','in','gridlines','no','fontsize',12)

set(gcf,'position',[100 100 800 600])
print('-dpng','-r400',[figname,'.png'])

4.3 例3

添加中等分辨率的河流，分支参数设置为2

%%
figname='gshhs3';
figure
m_proj('mercator','long',[96 114],'lat',[10 24]);

caxis([-4000 4000]) 
% %caxis要放在colormap之前，colormap要放在m_shadedrelief之前
colormap([m_colmap('blue',200);m_colmap('gland',200)])
hc=colorbar;
set(get(hc,'title'),'string','Elevation(m)')

m_etopo2('shadedrelief','lightangle',45);

m_gshhs('ic','color',[.5 .5 .5])
m_gshhs('ir2','color','b')

m_grid('box','fancy','tickdir','in','gridlines','no','fontsize',12)

set(gcf,'position',[100 100 800 600])
print('-dpng','-r400',[figname,'.png'])

4.4 例4

添加中等分辨率的河流，分支参数设置为3

figname='gshhs4';
figure
m_proj('mercator','long',[96 114],'lat',[10 24]);

caxis([-4000 4000]) 
% %caxis要放在colormap之前，colormap要放在m_shadedrelief之前
colormap([m_colmap('blue',200);m_colmap('gland',200)])
hc=colorbar;
set(get(hc,'title'),'string','Elevation(m)')

m_etopo2('shadedrelief','lightangle',45);

m_gshhs('ic','color',[.5 .5 .5])
m_gshhs('ir3','color','b')

m_grid('box','fancy','tickdir','in','gridlines','no','fontsize',12)

set(gcf,'position',[100 100 800 600])

4.5 例5

添加中等分辨率的河流，分支参数设置为3，添加中等分辨率国界线

figname='gshhs5';
figure
m_proj('mercator','long',[96 114],'lat',[10 24]);

caxis([-4000 4000]) 
% %caxis要放在colormap之前，colormap要放在m_shadedrelief之前
colormap([m_colmap('blue',200);m_colmap('gland',200)])
hc=colorbar;
set(get(hc,'title'),'string','Elevation(m)')

m_etopo2('shadedrelief','lightangle',45);

m_gshhs('ic','color',[.5 .5 .5])
m_gshhs('ir3','color','b')
m_gshhs('ib','color','k','linewid',1.5)

m_grid('box','fancy','tickdir','in','gridlines','no','fontsize',12)

set(gcf,'position',[100 100 800 600])
print('-dpng','-r400',[figname,'.png'])

4.6 例6

添加中等分辨率的河流，分支参数设置为2，添加中等分辨率国界线

figname='gshhs6';
figure
m_proj('mercator','long',[96 114],'lat',[10 24]);

caxis([-4000 4000]) 
% %caxis要放在colormap之前，colormap要放在m_shadedrelief之前
colormap([m_colmap('blue',200);m_colmap('gland',200)])
hc=colorbar;
set(get(hc,'title'),'string','Elevation(m)')

m_etopo2('shadedrelief','lightangle',45);

m_gshhs('ic','color',[.5 .5 .5])
m_gshhs('ir2','color','b')
m_gshhs('ib','color','k','linewid',1.5)

m_grid('box','fancy','tickdir','in','gridlines','no','fontsize',12)

set(gcf,'position',[100 100 800 600])
print('-dpng','-r400',[figname,'.png'])

END