Django创建投票应用
目录
创建模版mysite\\polls\\templates\\polls\\index.html
启动开发服务器python manage.py runserver
关于数据库配置，更多内容请看在Django中配置PostgreSQL-CSDN博客
创建应用
python manage.py startapp polls创建模型
mysite\\polls\\models.py
from django.db import models
class Question(models.Model):
question_text = models.CharField(max_length=200)
pub_date = models.DateTimeField("date published")
class Choice(models.Model):
question = models.ForeignKey(Question, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
choice_text = models.CharField(max_length=200)
votes = models.IntegerField(default=0)激活模型
mysite\\setting.py
INSTALLED_APPS = [
"polls.apps.PollsConfig",
"django.contrib.admin",
"django.contrib.auth",
"django.contrib.contenttypes",
"django.contrib.sessions",
"django.contrib.messages",
"django.contrib.staticfiles",
]为模型的改变生成迁移文件
python manage.py makemigrations polls
应用数据库迁移
python manage.py migrate
创建管理员账号
python manage.py createsuperuser管理投票应用
mysite\\polls\\admin.py
from django.contrib import admin
from .models import Question,Choice
# class ChoiceInline(admin.StackedInline):
# model = Choice
# extra = 3
# 通过 TabularInline （替代 StackedInline ） 单行显示关联
class ChoiceInline(admin.TabularInline):
model = Choice
extra = 3
class QuestionAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
fieldsets = [
(None, {"fields": ["question_text"]}),
("Date information", {"fields": ["pub_date"], "classes": ["collapse"]}),
]
inlines = [ChoiceInline]
admin.site.register(Question, QuestionAdmin)添加视图
mysite\\polls\\views.py
from django.shortcuts import render, get_object_or_404,HttpResponseRedirect
from django.http import HttpResponse
from django.urls import reverse
from .models import Question,Choice
def index(request):
latest_question_list = Question.objects.order_by("-pub_date")[:5]
template = "polls/index.html"
context = {
"latest_question_list": latest_question_list,
}
return render(request,template,context)
def detail(request,question_id):
question = get_object_or_404(Question,pk=question_id)
template = "polls/detail.html"
context = {
"question":question,
}
return render(request,template,context)
def results(request, question_id):
question = get_object_or_404(Question, pk=question_id)
template = "polls/results.html"
context = {
"question": question,
}
return render(request,template,context)
def vote(request, question_id):
question = get_object_or_404(Question, pk=question_id)
try:
selected_choice = question.choice_set.get(pk=request.POST["choice"])
except (KeyError, Choice.DoesNotExist):
template = "polls/detail.html"
context = {
"question": question,
"error_message": "You didn't select a choice.",
}
return render(request,template,context)
else:
selected_choice.votes += 1
selected_choice.save()
return HttpResponseRedirect(reverse("polls:results", args=(question.id,)))添加路径
mysite\\polls\\urls.py
from django.urls import path
from . import views
app_name = "polls"
urlpatterns = [
path("", views.index, name="index"),
path("<int:question_id>/", views.detail, name="detail"),
path("<int:question_id>/results/", views.results, name="results"),
path("<int:question_id>/vote/", views.vote, name="vote"),
]mysite\\urls.py
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path,include
urlpatterns = [
path("polls/",include("polls.urls")),
path("admin/", admin.site.urls),
]创建模版
mysite\\polls\\templates\\polls\\index.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
{% if latest_question_list %}
<ul>
{% for question in latest_question_list %}
<li><a href="{% url 'polls:detail' question.id %}">{{ question.question_text }}</a></li>
{% endfor %}
</ul>
{% else %}
<p>No polls are available.</p>
{% endif %}
</body>
</html>mysite\\polls\\templates\\polls\\detail.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="{% url 'polls:vote' question.id %}" method="post">
{% csrf_token %}
<fieldset>
<legend>
<h1>{{ question.question_text }}</h1>
</legend>
{% if error_message %}<p><strong>{{ error_message }}</strong></p>{% endif %}
{% for choice in question.choice_set.all %}
<input type="radio" name="choice" id="choice{{ forloop.counter }}" value="{{ choice.id }}">
<label for="choice{{ forloop.counter }}">{{ choice.choice_text }}</label><br>
{% endfor %}
</fieldset>
<input type="submit" value="Vote">
</form>
</body>
</html>mysite\\polls\\templates\\polls\\results.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>{{ question.question_text }}</h1>
<ul>
{% for choice in question.choice_set.all %}
<li>{{ choice.choice_text }} -- {{ choice.votes }} vote{{ choice.votes|pluralize }}</li>
{% endfor %}
</ul>
<a href="{% url 'polls:detail' question.id %}">Vote again?</a>
</body>
</html>
启动开发服务器
python manage.py runserver
管理地址
http://127.0.0.1:8000/admin/
应用地址
http://127.0.0.1:8000/polls/